wooden pins were used almost entirely in place of nails, even to the putting on of the shingle roof, wooden hinges, latches and locks were used entirely for the doors, and in many respects were superior to most of those now in use, for durability; an abundance of outbuildings of every kind were put up, such as meathouse, weaving and spinning rooms, lumber room, dairy and vegetable rooms, a workshop and tool house, stables, corncribs, grain bins, etc., so there was a place for everything and everything was kept in its place. The greater part of the tools for farm use, including wagons, sleds, plows, forks, rakes, shovels, harness, etc., were made at home.

The sixty-acre farm was divided into some fifteen different enclosures; three woodland bluegrass pastures, two timothy meadows, two fields for corn, wheat and oats, orchard, garden, stable and cow lots, and small grass lots adjoining. The yard was not large, and was well set in bluegrass, the shade trees were cherry, pear, damson and plum; the beehives were in the yard, as well as the hen house, chicken coops, etc. The garden contained three-fourths of an acre and lay in a square, the gate in the center on the side next the yard, and a walk five feet wide ran through the center both ways. dividing it into four plats; on each of the four corners in the center next the walks were quince trees, and on each side of the walks was a nicely prepared bed, the whole length, for flowers and herbs, as nothing of that kind could be kept in the yard, on account of the fowls, the garden being enclosed by a picket fence. The garden and, in fact, all else about the place was kept in first-class condition and all varieties of vegetables were grown to perfection; an endless variety of flowers and herbs adorned the beds along the walks, as well as a grape arbor and currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and strawberries were cultivated in one plat separate.

A few of these herbs and plants that I can remember are chamomile, saffron, calamus, horehound, boneset, spicewood, thyme, mint (three kinds), sage (two Kinds), rhubarb, garlic, parsley, horseradish, balsam pears, mustard, black and white red pepper, sweet fennel, sweet fern, sunflower, althea, castor bean, wild geranium, sweet anise, tansey, privet, larkspur, white lily, jerusalem cherry, sweet basil, yarrow, alacampane, life ever lasting and yucca. Others grew wild that were used for medical purposes were burdock, narrow dock, polk root, wormweed, catnip, dogfennel, mullen, goldenrod,

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Thanks to Candy Hearn for transcribing this page.